There is a Reason for Cart Restrictions

There is no decision a golf course makes that is less popular than deciding to restrict carts to paths. I understand the frustration and burden this places on the golfer, which is why this decision is never made without a lot of thought. It must be understood that when conditions are wet, the impact from just a few careless golfers or employees can be felt for a long time.


In the photos below, you see the ruts from traffic navigating through a wet area near a drain basin that was staked off. The percent slope to this basin was very low to begin with and now the ruts from the vehicle have created an area with no positive slope which is preventing water from reaching the drain. This is unfortunate because on this particular day we may have had 200 golfers on the course and the actions of one cart created an issue that, if not fixed ASAP, will create long term problems in this fairway. Fixing this issue will require some time and resources, but the biggest challenge will be allowing the damaged area time to recover while the rest of the fairway is in full use and under a regular management schedule.

 

If areas like these aren't fixed and given time to heal, they will hold water and the turf will be unable to survive.



The unfortunate reality is most golfers are aware and care enough to navigate a course correctly and with thought, but we have to manage for the minority that can't or don't care. Again, remember that a decision to place carts on paths is well thought out and is done to preserve the course  conditions for you. We appreciate your understanding and patience. Also, please remember its not the proshop staff's fault, so give them a break.

Here is a UNL Extension Aricle on this very topic:

Turf iNfo for the North Central US | University of Nebraska – Lincoln                       turf.unl.edu

Limit maintenance and golf cart traffic on wet soil May 5, 2015

 The weather forecast continues to look wet across much of southern and eastern Nebraska. This is a reminder to limit unnecessary vehicular and equipment traffic on wet soils. One quick decision to drive across an excessively wet area of turf can have season-long impacts on turfgrass quality. Damage can include soil compaction, which typically isn’t visible until summer heat and drought stress, and wheel ruts that immediately impact turf health and recovery. Area damaged by wheel ruts can typically be fixed with sod, but compaction is much more difficult to quickly fix. Aeration and topdressing can help reduce compaction but aren’t as effective as freeze-thaw cycles during the winter. Communicate the risk of compaction with your employees, proshop, and golfers. Limit cart traffic whenever soils become saturated. It only takes one poor driving decision to cause serious long-term damage to the turf.

Bill Kreuser, Extension Turfgrass Specialist, wkreuser2@unl.edu

             

Figure 1. It’s easy to quickly cause long-term damage to turf when the soils are wet. Avoid unnecessary maintenance traffic and golf cart traffic that can result in season-long damage.

Extension is a Division of the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln cooperating with the Counties and the United States Department of Agriculture.
University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension education programs abide with the nondiscrimination policies of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and the United States Department of Agriculture.

Too Much Rain

2014 has been a particularly wet year thus far, and the cumulative effects of this moisture are starting to show up. If given the choice of having to deal with either wet or dry weather conditions, I would choose dry conditions every single time. Dry conditions allow us to supplement moisture with irrigation, whereas our ability to remedy wet conditions is extremely limited.

To allow the plant to properly perform its metabolic functions, the soil must be able to breath. Saturated soils do not have any capacity to exchange the gasses used or produced by the plants metabolic processes. Saturated soils can result in decreased levels of O2, which is the gas that plays a role in hundreds of metabolic processes. In addition, a buildup of toxic compounds such as sulfides and CO2 have been reported in saturated soils.

Denitrification is a symptom of saturated soils which we have observed on the golf course this year. Denitrification is a process that turns nitrate into nitrogen dioxide and dinitrogen gasses that are unavailable to the plant. This process is catalyzed by microbes that function in low soil oxygen environments.

Suspected denitrification and low soil oxygen symptoms

Here you can see the exact path the water takes as it drains.

The two photos above show the same areas after a few days of dry, cool weather and an application of a soluble fertilizer.

Saturated soils usually result in higher summertime soil temperatures. Although wet soils may take longer to heat up due to water’s higher specific heat they also take much longer to cool down due to water’s higher heat capacity. This can result in a sustained soil temperature above preferred  levels for optimal turf health.

Another issue we encounter with an abundance of moisture is disease. Wet and warm weather conditions create a prime environment for most turfgrass diseases. An ill-timed rain event could force an unplanned fungicide application, costing the golf course tens of thousands of dollars.

An additional nuisance effect of all the rain has been the need to keep golfers on the cart paths. At this point, soils are so saturated that even small amounts of precipitation have forced us to employ cart restrictions. I understand that this is an inconvenience and can really slow down play, but because of all the things I have touched on above, the plant is in a weakened state and is less capable of handling traffic stress. It is important to keep all carts off the turf until the surface has dried out.

If water is being displaced by the cart, it's still too wet.

An excellent question I was asked last weekend was "Why are we on paths and another particular course is not?" There are a number of factors to deal with in this situation. Moisture totals from storms can vary greatly from place to place. We have had storms this year that have dropped 7" in some parts of town, and “only” 2" in other parts of town. We have had situations in the past where one side of the course had significant rain totals and the other half did not. In this case, the course we were being compared to was 26 miles from our location and received 0.12" of moisture vs. our 0.50". The difference between cart restrictions and no restrictions could be as small as a couple tenths of an inch so these seemingly minute differences are important.

Also,  keep in mind that all golf courses have different soil types, topography, and drainage systems, which influence their ability to handle water. Some courses topdress fairways, which allows the water to percolate through the profile and away from the surface faster. And, some courses don't have cart paths, so cart restrictions aren't an option. I can promise you that cart restriction decisions are my least favorite decision to make. I thank you for your patience throughout this wet season and hope it starts to dry up a little bit.



Cart Path Rule Removed

We removed the cart path restrictions on Tuesday and will adhere to the 90 degree rule for the time being. It is my hope that this can be permanent but until we get a good rain, it will be a day-to-day decision.

Everyone has been extremely patient the last few weeks and we appreciate it immensely.

Cart Traffic

Golfers play a huge role in preventing cart related soil compaction. While it is very convenient to take the shortest route to an area, diverting your cart just a little bit will make a big difference in the fight against compaction. You can help by using the cart paths as much as possible and by keeping your cart fully on the path around greens and tees. Please use the 90 degree rule and follow the cart direction signs whenever possible. We can't solve this problem without your help. Thanks everyone.